In some generations, from the  Neolithic culture emerges a refined culture. Kingship, administration, art and religion are revealed by the first faltering steps of the writing. They immediately carry a "Egyptian" print.

 

It is through the excavations in the necropolis of Umm-el-Qab in Abydos that the history of royalty begins to be revealed. It is the survey of the big necropolis of Umm El Qaab that drove Petrie to emit the hypothesis of a dynasty 0. The restart of the excavations of the necropolis in the years 80 by the German archaeologists under the way of the Pr. Dreyer confirmed that several kings had existed before the famous king Menes. These kings were from the city of This close to Abydos. The denomination of dynasty 0 is now admitted extensively. 

 

In south limit of the necropolis, the tomb U-j (according to the parts list of the archaeologists) has been put up to date in 1988 by the German archaeologists. It is the one of the famous king Scorpion.  A certain consensus seems to settle by the egyptologues for the following list: the king Scorpion (toward -3300, -3250), Iry-Hor or Ro-Hor, Ka-Sekhen (toward -3200, -3150) and Narmer that also belongs to the 1st dynasty. Many other kings have been proposed like being part of this dynasty, but their existence is not admitted fluently. Some factors make the existence of 2 kings Scorpion think.

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