The daily
divine Ritual was performed in all
temples in Egypt. To the time of Sety, it incorporated former solar rituals and Osirian rituals at a time. The sun disappears in the evening and is born
again the morning: by worry of consistency,
every god was
assimilated then to Re. Then the cult was influenced by the funeral rituals
bound to Osiris. So each god was joined then
also to Osiris: perfume,
makeup, colorful clothes
are similar to those of the Osirian mummies .
The liturgy
of Karnak contains 66 episodes
so-called "chapters" described in the papyrus of Berlin dating from the 22th dynasty. In 1902, A. Moret made a detailed discussion
of it. The first chapters
(I in VI) concern rituals bound to the purification before
entering in the chapel: to light fire (lighting, purification of the sanctuary); to take the censer and to purify themselves; to put silt to
burn; to make to burn the resin and to advance toward the holy place. These first rituals are not represented
inside the chapels of Abydos. Only the last would correspond to the first episode describes in the
chapels. On the walls of the chapels of Abydos, one recovers 29 episodes of this liturgy, a digest
in comparison with respect to the papyrus of Berlin,
either for lack of place
or because
these rituals were
only performed in special opportunities. So the presentation of
the Ma'at (XLII
chapter of the papyrus) is not represented inside, but on the external north wall.
In the chapels of Isis, Horus, Re and Ptah, the scenes and the inscriptions
are practically identical. The chapel of Amun essentially shows
some differences due to the more
important area occupied
by the barques. Also an episode (who doesn't exist elsewhere) of
purification of the priest after
the exit of
the chapel is represented there. The chapel of Osiris possesses 9 additional episodes. This chapel was probably a way towards the Osiris complex.
Some authors, including Moret assume that
there are two
successive openings of the naos in which are the gods. R. David thinks that these two openings correspond
to two chapels,
the barque one and
the god one. In the chapel of Re, the succession of the
scenes is the most coherent. It is schematized below, except for the scenes of the beginning and
the end
where I used other
chapels. I also used the
scenes of other
chapels in the
presentation when those of the chapel of Re were in disrepair. I adopted here the suite of the Ritual in the proposed order
by A.R. David.
Click here to put the bottom of the page in full screen.
|